Oopsies. The interactive version of this page only works on laptops/tablets šĀ
(It’s really good though we promise)
You can download a PDF of the resource here:
Explore this interactive overview guide to FHMP genetics by hovering over question mark ? iconsĀ or pressing the purple buttons to read more (best optimised for laptop viewing). fhmpgenetics
You may have to zoom in or out of the page a little bit to make everything nice.
Alternatively, this page is available to download as a PDF FHMPGold (Finn Werner
)FH
Conditions:
Ā
dominant allele = p
recessive allele = q
p+q=1
pĀ² + 2pq + qĀ² = 1Ā
Meiosis is a a type of cell division that leads to the creation of four genetically different, haploid cells.
This can be used to create gametes (sperm of ovum). Meiosis occurs after G2 and undergoes two
rounds of cell division to create the different diploid cells.
Phases of Meiosis:
You’ve done the BMAT – remember PMAT!
Meiosis I: separation of homologous chromosomes
DNA replication occurs in the S phase.
Mutations are alterations in the nucleotide sequence of one or more genes. They can affect somatic cells, or gametes (germ-line mutation)
Ā
Ā
Small (point mutations):
Large-scale mutations:
abnormal number or structurally abnormal (arise from errors during formation of gametes and associated with genetic
disorders)
PCR is a technique used to amplify a segment of DNA.
Ā Reverse-Transcriptase PCR: add nucleotides, complementary primers, the sample, Taq Polymerase and Reverse Transcriptase
DNA is a double stranded helix that contains all of our genetic information. It is made up of
nucleotide bases.Ā
(Two purines: adenine, guanine. Two pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine.
(uracil is for RNA))
They match up A-T, G-C with two hydrogen bonds and three hydrogen
bonds between the base pairs, respectively. Each nucleotide is made up of a deoxyribose
sugar and a phosphate. These bases make up the double stranded helix. The helix is made
up of major and minor grooves, due to its shape. The double helix wraps around histone
proteins (beads-on-a-string appearance = nucleosome), forming chromatin fibres which
form chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; these can be arranged by
size in the form of a karyotype.
AKA Central Ligma.
In order to make a protein, the cell needs instructions. It gets these instructions from the DNA. The correct instructions come from a gene in a process called DNA Transcription, creating mRNA. After the gene has been
coded for, it leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome, which assembles amino acids in the correct order to make the protein in a process called DNA Translation
gene regulation in bacteria when lactose is used for respiration when glucose is not availableĀ
DNA Translation: Ribosomes are made up of a 30s subunit and a 50s subunit.Ā
Ā
Transcription is the process of turning DNA into RNA.
Ā